Phrasal Verb: Break

 Break [ভেঙে ফেলা ]

1.      Break away [from]-

·        হটাৎ পালিয়ে যাওয়া

The thief broke away from the police custody.

He broke away and ran into jungle.

She managed to break away from hotel.

·        দল ত্যাগ করা (এক মত না হওয়ার জন্য )

Arjun broke away from the party.

A group of employee broke away to set up a new company.

·        আচার আচরণ পরিবর্তন করা

You must break away your bad habits.

She broke away from her traditional life of wife.

2.      Break down

·        Machine or vehicle stop working (গাড়ি বা মেশিন অচল হওয়া )

My car has broken down.

·        সম্পর্ক / আলোচনা ভেঙে যাওয়া (discussion or relationship breaks down due to disagreement or problem)

Talks between two parties broke down.

Talks with Maoist have broken down.

·        মানসিক ভাবে ভেঙে পড়া

He broke down after his father’s death.

His health broke down due to hard work.

·        বলপূর্বক ভেঙে ফেলা

The gang broke down the wall.

The police broke down all resistance.

·        ছোট ছোট অংশে বিভক্ত করা

The project has been broken down into section.

We can break down the result of survey by gender.

3.      Break in –চুরি করার উদ্দেশে  বলপূর্বক প্রবেশ করা

The thief broke in the house

They broke in through the window.

4.      Break into

·        চুরি করার উদ্দেশে  বলপূর্বক প্রবেশ করা

The thief broke into the house

They broke into the house through the window.

·        হটাৎ শুরু করা

The audience broke into cheers.

They jostled one another in a stampede to break into the house.

5.      Break off

·        হটাৎ অলোচনা / কথা থেমে যাওয়া বা সাময়িক থামা

They broke off in the middle of their speech.

Talks between agitators and officials broke off.

She broke off from reading and looked up at him.

·        মধুর (romantic relationship) সম্পর্ক ভেঙে যাওয়া

She broke off with Shyam.

6.      Break out

·       হটাৎ করে যুদ্ধ, আগুন, তর্ক, রোগ শুরু হওয়া। (war, fighting, arguments, diseases or disasters start suddenly)

The fire broke out in the school.

Two men were injured when a fight broke out in the bar.

Cholera broke out in my locality.

Note: Break out not used when an argument or violence suddenly becomes worse, erupt is used.

7.  Break out of (পালিয়ে যাওয়া)

                      The prisoner broke out of the jail.

8.  Break out in (হটাৎ Skin এ rash, sweat, spot দেখা দেওয়া)

                      My skin broke out in a rash.

9.  Break through (বলপূর্বক পথ করে নেওয়া )

                      Protesters broke through the fence.

10.  Break up ( বিচ্ছেদ করা/অবসান করা )

                      War can break up families.

                      The fight broke up when the police arrived.

                      Joy started drinking heavily after his broke up with his girl friend.

11.  Break with (বিবাদ করা, সম্পর্ক ছিন্ন করা, বন্ধুত্ব ভাঙা )

                      Gopal broke with the party.

                      We have the courage to break with established ideas.

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Synonyms: Clamour

Demand, Insist, Clamour

1.      Demand- দাবি করা ask for something firmly

I demand immediate explanation.

·        They demand high level enquiry about this matter.

2.      insist-নাছোড়বান্দা  হয়ে দাবি করা  /অনুরোধ করা

Demand something in a forceful way.

·        He insists that he is not a murderer.

·        They insist that they will do it.

·        She insists on eating only organic vegetables.

3.      Clamour – নালিশ বা দাবি জানানোর জন্য উচ্চ কলরব

Demand something loudly.

·        Later they clamoured wildly, shouting and crying.

·        People began to clamour for his resignation.

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Synonyms: Numb

Numb, Daze, Benumb, Stupefy, Bewilder, puzzle, perplex

1.     Numb- [নাম্ ] অসাড়, অনুভূতি শূন্য

 deprived of the power of sensation.

·       I was numb with shock as I got into the car.

2.      Daze- [ডেইজ] হতবুদ্ধি অবস্থা

       make unable to think or react properly because of shock or you have been hit on the head.

3.     benumb  অসাড়, শক্তিহীন করা

 deprive of feeling.

4.     Stupefy – স্বচ্ছভাবে চিন্তা করার শক্তি নাশ করা  

 make (someone) unable to think or feel properly.

5.     Bewilder হতবুদ্ধি অবস্থা

      confused and worried because you do not know what is happening or do not know what to do

6.     Puzzle – বিমূঢ় অবস্থা

      Unable to understand something or the reason for something

·       He was puzzled about the whole matter.

7.     Perplex

      Very puzzle in a way that you feel worried.

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Synonyms: Jostle

                   Push, shove, Jostle, Barge, Thrust

1.      Push- হাত বা কনুই দিয়ে ধাক্কা দেওয়া।

•        Please push me.
•       I have to push you.
•       Don’t push it.
•       He pushed the dog.

2.      Shove-[ শাভ্]

       Push somebody in a rough way, especially in order to get past them.

•        They shoved the guard aside.
•        The young boy shoved his girl friend into the swimming pool.

3.     Jostle-[জস্ ল  ]

      Push roughly in a crowd especially you are trying to move in front of them.

•       The MLA was jostled by angry villagers.
•       Anxious refugees jostled for a place in the line.
•       They jostled one another in a stampede to break into the house.

4.      Barge

        Move forward in a forceful and careless way by pushing people.

•         He barge past me to get to the bar.
•         They barged their way through the crowds.

5.      Thrust

       Push somebody suddenly or violently in a particular way/direction.

•        He thrust the baby into my arms and ran off.
•        She thrust her hands deep into her pockets.
•        Ram thrust her towards the staircase.
•        They thrust themselves into the house.

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READING COMPREHENSION: THE PASSING AWAY OF BAPU (SEEN)

I was having tea at home on the evening of 30^th January 1948 when I was called to Birla house by an urgent telephone. Gandhiji had been shot on his way to a prayer meeting. I was numb with shock as I got into the car.

At the Birla house, gandhiji’s relatives and followers had gathered around his body. There was silence in the room as Gandhiji breathed his last. Words of bapuji's death had spread through Delhi like a flame fanned by wind. Sad groups of men and women had collected around Birla House. Out of every window one could see a brown blur of faces. They did not make a sound. There was an unnatural silence. It was as if time stood still for those few minutes.

The people were too stunned to speak in the beginning. Later they clamoured wildly, shouting and crying. They jostled one another in a stampede to break into the house. They calmed a little when it was announced that they would be allowed to see Gandhiji before the funeral.

When one is faced with the shock of a loved one’s death, one whimpers: “what will become of me now that he has left me?”. This was surely the question uppermost in the mind of the mourning people. They looked like lost children. It was the question in many of our hearts as we sat still shocked and unbelieving. We listened to the broadcast telling the people of India that their Bapu was no more.

1.      Choose the correct alternative to complete the following sentences:

(a)    Gandhiji had been shot on his way to

(i)      The Birla House

(ii)    The author’s house

(iii)   A prayer meeting

(iv)   A family gathering

(b)    The author came to know of Gandhiji’s death by

(i)      A letter

(ii)    A telephone

(iii)   A mail

(iv)   A public broadcast

(c)    When one is faced with the shock of a loved one’s death, one

(i)      Whimpers

(ii)    Laughs

(iii)   Claps

(iv)   Shouts

(d)    When Gandhiji breathed his last, the room became

(v)    a silent

(vi)   noisy

(vii)  full of wails

(viii)empty

(e)    Gandhiji was assassinated on

(ix)   31 January,1949

(x)    30 January,1948

(xi)   31 January,1948

(xii)  30 January,1949

(f)     In the evening of Gandhiji’s death the author was

(xiii)Preparing tea

(xiv)Drinking tea

(xv)      Buying tea

(xvi)Serving tea

(g)    Gandhiji was lovingly called by the name

(xvii)    Papaji

(xviii)   Netaji

(xix)Bapuji

(xx)      Chachaji

2.      Fill in the chart with information from the text:

(a)    Date on which Gandhiji was dead
(b)    Place where Gandhiji breathed his last
(c)    Information given by the broadcast

3.      State whether the following statements are True or False. Provide sentences/Phrases/ Words in support of your answer:

(a)    The author received an urgent telephone call in the morning.

supporting sentence __________________________________________

(b)    People attempted to break into the Birla House.

supporting sentence __________________________________________

(c)    The News of Gandhiji’s death did not shock the people.

supporting sentence __________________________________________

(d)    Gandhiji died in Delhi.

supporting sentence __________________________________________

(e)    Bapuji died of heart attack.

supporting sentence __________________________________________

4.      Answer the following questions:

(h)    How did the news of Gandhiji’s dead speard?

___________________________________________________

(i)      What announcement had calmed the people?

____________________________________________________

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Synonyms : Stun

Surprise, Startle, Amaze, Stun, Astonish, Taken aback, Bowl over, Astound, Stagger

1

1.        Surprise [বিস্মিত করা ]

        We use Surprise when something happens that we don’t expect.

2.        Startle [আকস্মিক বিস্ময়ে ভয় পাওয়া]

        Surprise somebody suddenly in a frighten way.

        The explosion startled the horse.

3.        Amaze [বিস্ময়ে বিহ্বল করা]

        Surprise somebody very much in a pleasure or admiration way.

4.        Stun

        Surprise somebody so much that they cannot speak or think clearly.

         The people were too stunned to speak in the beginning.

          The angry criticism stunned them.

5.        Astonish

        Surprise very much which is difficult to believe.

        We were astonished at the news of his death.

6.        Taken aback [phrasal verb]

       If something takes you aback, you are very surprise by it. (we use taken aback         usually in passive form)

       We were rather taken aback by his hostile reaction.

       Ram was taken aback by the news.

       I was taken aback by the knowledge of local people.

       She was taken aback by the price of LED tv.

7.        Bowl over [phrasal verb]

      To surprise someone a lot. (we use taken aback usually in passive form)

      He was bowled over by her beauty.

      We were bowled over by the beauty of Taj Mahal.

8.        Astound [বিস্ময়ে স্তম্ভিত করা]

      His arrogance astounded her.

     They were astound by its beauty.

     She looked astounded by this news.

9.        Stagger [বিশ্বাসে আঘাত লাগায় হতবুব্ধ হওয়া]

       I was staggered at his rudeness.

       The officer was staggered at the level of incompetence among senior staff.

       He was staggered when saw the medical bill.

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